HTML Introduction

HTML Example

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<body>

<h1>My First Heading</h1>

<p>My first paragraph.</p>

</body>
</html>

Example Explained

• The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type
• The text between <html> and </html> describes the web page
• The text between <body> and </body> is the visible page content
• The text between <h1> and </h1> is displayed as a heading
• The text between <p> and </p> is displayed as a paragraph
• The <!DOCTYPE html> declaration is the doctype for HTML5.

What is HTML?

HTML is a language for describing web pages.

• HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
• HTML is a markup language
• A markup language is a set of markup tags
• The tags describe document content
• HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
• HTML documents are also called web pages

HTML Tags

HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags

• HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
• HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
• The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
• The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
• Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags

<tagname>content</tagname>

HTML Elements

"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing.

But strictly speaking, an HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags:

HTML Element:

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

Web Browsers

The purpose of a web browser (such as Google Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox, Safari) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:

HTML Page Structure

Below is a visualization of an HTML page structure:

<html>

<body>

<h1>This a heading</h1>

<p>This is a paragraph.</p>

<p>This is another paragraph.</p>

</body>

</html>

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Identifiers

         Identifiers are the names that are given to various program 
elements such as variables, symbolic constants and functions.
Variable or function identifier that is called a symbolic constant name.
Identifier can be freely named, the following restrictions.

1.Alphanumeric characters ( a ~ z , A～Z , 0～9 ) and half underscore 
( _ ) can only be used.
2.The first character of the first contain letters ( a ~ z , A～Z ) or half 
underscore ( _ ) can only be used
3.Case is distinguishable. That is, word and WORD is recognized as a
 separate identifier.
4.Reserved words are not allowed. However, part of an identifier
 reserved words can be included.
Here are the rules you need to know:

1.       Identifier name must be a sequence of letter and digits, 
and must begin with a letter.
2.       The underscore character (‘_’) is considered as letter.
3.       Names shouldn't be a keyword (such as int , float, if ,break,
 for etc)
4.       Both upper-case letter and lower-case letter 
characters are allowed. However, they're not interchangeable.
5.       No identifier may be keyword.
6.       No special characters, such as semicolon,period,blank space, 
slash or comma are permitted
Examples of legal and illegal identifiers follow, first some
 legal identifiers:
float _number;
float a;
int this_is_a_very_detailed_name_for_an_identifier;
The following are illegal (it's your job to recognize why):
float :e;
float for;
float 9PI;
float .3.14;
float 7g;
Example :

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A Simple C Program Every C program must have one special function main (). This is the point where execution begins when the program is running. We will see later that this does not have to be the first statement in the program, but it must exist as the entry point. The group of   statements defining the main () enclosed in a pair of braces ({}) are executed sequentially. Each expression statement must end with a semicolon.  The closing brace of the main function signals the end of the program. The main function can be located anywhere in the program but the general practice is to place it as the first function. Here is an elementary C program. main ()      {      }                   There is no way to simplify this program, or to leave anything out. Unluckily, the program does not do anything. Following the "main" program name is a couple of parentheses, which are an indication to the compiler that this is a function. The 2 curly brackets { }, properly called braces, are used to specify the limits of the program itself. The actual program statements go between the 2 braces and in this case, there are no statements because the program does absolutely nothing. You will be able to compile and run this program, but since it has no executable statements, it does nothing. Keep in mind however, that it is a legal C program.                 main ( ) function should return zero or one. Turbo C accepts both int and void main ( ) and Turbo C coders use both int and void main ( ) in their programs. But in my belief, void main ( ) is not a standard usage. The reason is, whenever a program gets executed it returns an integer to the OS. If it returns 'zero', the program is executed successfully. Otherwise it means the program has been ended with error. So main ( ) shouldn't be declared as void.d as void. main( ) should be declared as int main( )    {     ……………..     ……………..    return  0 ;        }  .For a much more interesting program, load the program int main ()       {        printf (“Welcome to C language”);        return 0;       } and display it on your monitor. It is  same as the previous program except that it has one executable statement between the braces.                                 The executable statement is another function. Again, we won't care about what a function is, but only how to use this one. In order to output text to the monitor, it's placed within the function parentheses and bounded by quotes. The end result is that whatever is included between the quotes will be showed on the monitor when the program is run.                 Notice the semi-colon; at the end of the line. C uses a semi-colon as a statement terminator, so semi-colon is required as a signal to the compiler that this line is complete. This program is also executable, so you'll be able to compile and run it to see if it does what you think it should. With some compilers, you may get an error message while compiling, indicating that the function printf () should have a prototype. #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main ()         {          printf (“Welcome to C language”);          return 0;         }               Here you'll be able to see #include at the beginning of the program. It is a pre-processor directive. It's not a part of our program; it's an instruction to the compiler to make it do something. It says the C compiler to include the contents of a file, in this case the system file stdio.h. This is the name of the standard library definition file for all Standard Input Output. Your program will almost certainly want to send stuff to the screen and read things from the keyboard. stdio.h is the name of the file in which the functions that we want to use are defined. A function is simply a group of  related statements that we can use later. Here the function we used is  printf . To use printf correctly C needs to know what it looks like, i.e. what things it can work on and what value it returns. The actual code which performs the printf will be tied in later by the linker. Note that without the definition of what printf looks like the compiler makes a guess when it sees the use of it. This can lead to the call failing when the program runs, a common cause of programs crashing.                 The <> characters around the name tell C to look in the system area for the file stdio.h. If  I had given the name "abc.h" instead it would tell the compiler to look in the current directory. This means that I can arrange libraries of my own routines and use them in my programs.                  Imagine you run above program and then change it and run it again you may find that the previous output is still stucked there itself, at this time clrscr(); would clear the previous screen. One more thing to remember while using clrscr()  is that it should be called only after the variable declaration, like int p,q,r; clrscr() Here is an example of minimal C program that displays the string Welcome to C language (this famous example included in all languages ​​moreover been done originally in C in 1978 from the creators of the language, Brian Kernighan and Dennis Ritchie) Example #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int main ()        {         clrscr();         printf (“Welcome to C language”);         return 0;        }               When you execute above program you won’t see ‘Welcome  to C language’ on the  console  because  the screen will just flash and go away .If you want to see the line you can use getch() function just  below the printf() statement. Actually it waits until a key is pressed. Example:

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APTITUDE QUESTIONS

1.PROBLEMS IN TRAINS km/hr to m/s conversion: a km/hr = a x 5 m/s. 18 m/s to km/hr conversion: a m/s = a x 18 km/hr. 5 Formulas for finding Speed, Time and Distance Time taken by a train of length l metres to pass a pole or standing man or a signal post is equal to the time taken by the train to cover l metres. Time taken by a train of length l metres to pass a stationery object of length bmetres is the time taken by the train to cover (l + b) metres. Suppose two trains or two objects bodies are moving in the same direction at um/s and v m/s, where u > v, then their relative speed is = (u - v) m/s. Suppose two trains or two objects bodies are moving in opposite directions at um/s and v m/s, then their relative speed is = (u + v) m/s. If two trains of length a metres and b metres are moving in opposite directions atu m/s and v m/s, then: The time taken by the trains to cross each other = (a + b) sec. (u + v) If two trains of length a metres and b metres are moving in the same direction atu m/s and v m/s, then: The time taken by the faster train to cross the slower train = (a + b) sec. (u - v) If two trains (or bodies) start at the same time from points A and B towards each other and after crossing they take a and b sec in reaching B and A respectively, then: (A's speed) : (B's speed) = (b : a)

1.	A train 100 m long is running at the speed of 30 km/hr. Find the time taken by it to pass a man standing near the railway line.
	A.   10 sec.	B.   12 sec.
	C.   14 sec.	D.   16 sec.

Solution

Speed of the train = (30 x 5/18)m/sec = (25 / 3) m/sec. Distance moved in passing  the standing man = 100 m. Required time taken = 100 /( 25 / 3) =(100 x 3 / 25) sec = 12 sec.

2.	A man sitting in a train which is travelling at 50 kmph observes that a goods train, travelling in opposite direction, takes 9 seconds to pass him. If the goods train is 280 m long, find its speed.
	A.   52 kmph.	B.   62 kmph.
	C.   72 kmph.	D.   80 kmph.

Solution

Relative Speed = (280 / 9)m/sec = (280/9 x 18/5) = 112 kmph. Speed of the train = (112 - 50)kmph = 62 kmph.

3.	A train 150 m long is running with a apecd of 68 kmph. In what time will it pass a man who is running at 8 kmph in the same direction in which the train is going?
	A.   6sec.	B.   7sec.
	C.   9sec.	D.   11sec.

Solution

Speed of the train relative to man =( 68 - 8 ) = 60 Kmph = 60 x 5 / 18 =50/3 m/sec. Time taken by it to cover 150 m at (50 /3)m/sec = (112 - 50)kmph = (150 x 3/50)sec = 9 sec.

4.	A train moves with a speed of 108 kmph.Its speed in metres per second is
	A.  10.8	B.  18
	C.  30	D.  38.8

Solution

Speed = 108 Kmph = (108 x 5/18)m/sec = 30 m/sec.

5.	Two trains travel in opposite directions at 36 kmph and 45 kmph and a man sitting in slower train passes the faster train in 8 seconds. The length of the faster train is
	A.  80 m	B.  100 m
	C.  120 m	D.  180 m

Solution

Relative Speed = (36 + 45) km/hr = (81 x 5/18) m/sec = (45/2) m/sec Length of the train = (45 / 2 x 8) m = 180 m.

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HOW TO HACK SAVED PASSWORD ON CHROME

HOW TO HACK SAVED PASSWORD ON CHROME

Hey Guys,  Today i will provide you an awesome trick to hack saved password on Google chrome.
this is an awesome trick, You might have experienced when you login to any site say Facebook, Google asks you to save your password,
Ever wondered where this password is saved in Chrome, no ?
Dont worry, today we will learn it very easily.
In just 3 simple steps we will learn how to hack passwords on google chrome.
If you know that you brother or friend saves his password in chrome and you want to know his password, then this trick will definately help you out.

Lets check it.

Step :1 
First of all Open Google Chrome, the you will find Google menu at the top right corner. click it.

Step :2 
Now Click on setting at the bottom, a new tab will open, Scroll down and click on Show Advance Setting. There you will find Passwords and Forms,
Refer the below picture and as shown there click on  Manage Saved Password.

Step :3 
Now we are almost done. after click on Manage Saved Passwords  you will get the lists of saved password, Only thing you have to do is click on Any saved password and then click on Show,
Thats it.  you will get the password.

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12 TOP TRICKS TO MAKE WINDOWS 8 FUN

12 TOP TRICKS TO MAKE WINDOWS 8 FUN

Hello friends, today we are gonna discuss about  top tricks to make you windows 8 fun, manny of you would have updated to windows 8 and are enjoying it like me, but this article will help you to know your windows 8 better. windows 8 is made for speed . its a fact that windows 8 is much faster, more responsive and smoother.those who are using this operating system are enjoying the experience.

Here are some tricks which will make windows 8 much more interesting. and if you are using windows 8 on a touch screen device it will be a fun experience.

1. Overview Your Entire Start Screen By Semantic Zoom

If you’re using a touch screen, squeeze the Start screen with two fingers to receive a bird’s eye view of your entire screen contents. This is useful when you have a lots of apps/programs installed and want to see all the apps without scrolling the contents up and down.

2. Use Windows Hot Corners

The corners on your screen provides you to different Windows features. Below, is a brief explanation of each of these corners.

Bottom Left-hand corner of the screen will allow you to access the Start screen, if you’re in the Start screen and have the Desktop open, this corner will open the Desktop from the Start screen.

Quick Tip: Right-clicking in the left hand corner will open the power user menu.

Moving the mouse to the top-left corner and then down will display all the apps running on the computer. Clicking and dragging any of these apps to the left or right-hand side of the screen will snap that app to that side of the screen. Each of these open app icons can also be right-clicked to close or snap.

On the full right-hand side of the screen will be given access to the Windows Charms.

3. Why Close Buttons Are Hard To Find?

Closing a program seems easy, but you might have noticed that close buttons are hard to find in Windows 8. That’s because Microsoft encourages us to run apps in the background where they’ll take up minimal resources, but still be accessible at any time!

Still, anyway, you can close an app 1) by dragging it from top to bottom, or 2) using Alt+F4 keys or 3) using the task manager.

4. Find Anything Using Power-packed Search

Search looks power-packed. Start typing anything you are looking for in the search bar and it will search in the apps, files/folders and emails too.

5. Windows 8 God Mode Folder?

Create a magic folder which contains all the Windows 8 setings and hidden tweaks:

1. Create a “New Folder” by right-clicking on empty spot in any directory, preferably Desktop.

2. Give the folder this name: All Settings .{ED7BA470-8E54-465E-825C-99712043E01C}

3. Open the folder to see a complete list of settings.

But be careful for using advanced settings, don’t change them unless you are an expert.

6. PC Slowed Down? Get Fresh Windows 8 Easily in Minutes!

In Windows 7 and previous versions, you had to format and reinstall the entire OS to get a fresh feel. This was a tiresome and time-wasting process. Windows 8 provides an in-built way to refresh your computer!

In order to perform the Windows 8 refresh, go to Settings and click the Change PC Settings tab near the bottom. Select the General tab and find the “Refresh your PC without affecting your files” section near the middle (you may also select “Remove everything and reinstall Windows” to get the true factory settings treatment). Select “Get started” and press “Refresh.” After a few minutes the PC will restart, and you will have a fresh copy of Windows 8.

7. Shut Down Shortcut:

Windows 8 hides the Power button in the Settings menu, so it takes multistep process just to shut down your PC. But you can pin a Shutdown button right onto the bottom of your desktop using following trick:

Create a shortcut on your desktop (right-click, go to New, then Shortcut). Enter “shutdown /s /t 0″ (with no quotes, and, yes, that’s a zero not an “O”) as the location of the item, and press Next. Now name the shortcut (prefereably “Shutdown”) and press Finish.

Right-click the shortcut, and navigate to Properties. Choose Change Icon in the Shortcut tab, and then OK to leave the warning box. Choose an icon of your choice from the list. In the screenshot above, you’ll see we chose a Power button.

Right-click the shortcut again, and select Pin to Start. You can place the icon on your Start screen wherever it’s convenient. Clicking it will instantly shut down your computer.

But which one is the easiest and fastest way to shutdown? Hit power button on your computer!

8. Classic Start Menu

This is the thing many people keep missing on Windows 8. If you want to anyway want the Start menu on Windows 8,

ViStart, a free utility will do a good job.

9. Fun Way To Password-protect

Windows 8 enables you to create a picture password, where you choose an image, then draw on it in a combination of taps, lines and circles – only someone who can reproduce this pattern will be able to log on. Select Win + I > More PC Settings > Users > Create a Picture Password to give this a try.

10. Mount ISO files in Windows 8

Right-click it in Explorer, click Mount and you can view it as a virtual drive, launch the files it contains, or add more if you like.

11. Windows 8 Recovery Options

Windows 8 provides useful, advanced options to recover when a disaster occurs.

12. List of Most Important Hotkeys

Here is a list of hotkeys to make your Windows 8 experiece even a fun:

Win : switch between the Start screen and the last-running Windows 8 app

Win + C : displays the Charms: the Settings, Devices, Share and Search options

Win + D : launches the desktop

Win + E : launches Explorer

Win + F : opens the File Search pane

Win + H : opens the Share pane

Win + I : opens Settings

Win + K : opens the Devices pane

Win + L : locks your PC

Win + M : minimises the current Explorer or Internet Explorer window (works in the full-screen IE, too)

Win + O : toggles device orientation lock on and off

Win + P : switch your display to a second display or projector

Win + Q : open the App Search pane

Win + R : opens the Run box

Win + U : open the Ease of Access Centre

Win + V : cycle through toasts (notifications)

Win + W : search your system settings (type POWER for links to all power-related options, say)

Win + X : displays a text menu of useful Windows tools and applets

Win + Z : displays the right-click context menu when in a full-screen app

Win + + : launch Magnifier and zoom in

Win + – : zoom out

Win +  , : Aero peek at the desktop

Win + Enter : launch Narrator

Win + PgUp : move the current screen to the left-hand monitor

Win + PgDn : move the current screen to the right-hand monitor

Win + PrtSc : capture the current screen and save it to your Pictures folder

Win + Tab : switch between running apps

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